The 80 women interviewed in Penang share the common feature that they make their living in the informal economy – mostly as street vendors (hawkers). The empirical study is based on field work conducted in Penang between 20. It also aims to contribute further knowledge relating to women‟s work in the informal economy – in particular its spatial aspects. This thesis aims to investigate women‟s room to maneuver in the labor market by scrutinizing women‟s move from the formal to the informal economy over the life course. This means that despite the expansion of the Malaysian economy, declining fertility rates and increased female educational attainment, over half of working aged women in Malaysia remain „outside the labor force‟. However, export-orientation has not been able to sustain women‟s long terms participation in the formal labor market and female labor force participation rates in Malaysia have never exceeded 50 percent. The export-oriented development model adopted in Malaysia stimulated women‟s large-scale entry to the formal labor force.
It is an inquiry into women‟s working lives in Penang, Malaysia. This study is a compilation thesis consisting of an introduction and four separate papers.
Department of Human and Economic Geography, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg.
#Aplikasi translate bahasa lampung pesisir series#
Publications edited by the Departments of Geography, University of Gothenburg, Series B, no. Anja, 2012, From formal employment to street vending: Women’s room to maneuver and labor market decisions under conditions of export-orientation – the case of Penang, Malaysia. The typical of geomorphology, morphometry, and land use it has really influence to landslide potential to landslide hazard.ĪBSTRACT Franck, K. From the research has found the landslide hazard in four zone, zone (I) land stable and low hazard potential large 9 ha, zone (II) land enough stable and middle hazard potential large 12.295 ha, zone (III) land less stable and high hazard potential large 1.118 ha, and Zone (IV) land unstable and highest hazard potential 0.1 ha. The landslide hazard, where involving sources of observation and sampling for the study of geomorphological characters. The results of this study where found some volcanic morphology, volcanic cones, upper slopes, middle slope, lower slopes, foot slope, and volcanic plain. Second the mapping landslide hazard used method the MAFF Japan where integrating physical field data and spatial data using geographic information system. In this research has used some method, the first field observation and sampling for geomorphology character study were conducted. In case has done investigation character of geomorphological landscape of Mount Talang and mapping of landslide hazard potential.
The survey geomorphology, it is the one apart of applied geomorphology.
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